Why Is My Case "Limited"?

Civil lawsuits filed in California are generally classified as one of three different types of jurisdiction: Small Claims, Limited, or Unlimited.  The classification is usually based on the amount in controversy.  There are certain exceptions, but that is the quick and easy answer for now.  The determination is based upon codified law found in the California Code of Civil Procedure.  You can search California Code for any statute you wish at the following website: www.leginfo.ca.gov. 

Small Claims Jurisdiction: The legislature enacted Code of Civil Procedure Sections 116.110, et seq. (that means, including the sections immediately following the described section) to expedite minor disputes without having to expend lots of money and time in the superior court.  Any matter where a person is demanding not more than $7,500.00 can be heard in small claims.  Small Claims proceedings are quicker because, in effect, there is a form complaint, form response (if defendant wishes), and a trial in front of a judge sometime within 60 days from the date of the filing of the complaint.  Only a defendant may appeal (thus, if the plaintiff loses, he is stuck with the defense judgment); and, the defendant only gets one chance to appeal, and that decision on appeal becomes final.  Again, plaintiff may not appeal the new ruling if adverse to plaintiff.  A big disadvantage to small claims is that the parties are not allowed to be represented by legal counsel at the original trial.  On appeal, either side may choose to retain counsel, who may be present and "try" the case on behalf of the party.  Once the trial has concluded, the judge usually provides a written opinion within 5 court days with the court's ruling.

Limited Jurisdiction: Limited Jurisdiction is for cases where the amount in controversy does not exceed $25,000.00 (exclusive of costs, legal fees, interest).  Limited cases used to be heard in the "Municipal Court" but California has consolidated its court system, so any judge technically has the ability to be assigned to either limited or unlimited jurisdiction cases.  Unlike small claims, limited jurisdiction parties may have counsel represent them throughout the litigation process.  Generally, the "limited" case has the feel of a full-fledged lawsuit, may have juries, more discovery, and take longer.  Unlike "unlimited" jurisdiction, however, the process is still expedited, with specific rules for discovery to minimize the costs associated with such process.  For more on Limited statutory authority, see Code of Civil Procedure, Sections 85, et seq.

Unlimited Jurisdiction:  Unlimited Jurisdiction is for cases where the amount in controversy is greater than $25,000.00 or otherwise deals with complex issues.  Code of Civil Procedure Sections 410, et seq deal specifically with unlimited jurisdiction matters and how to proceed therein.

Hope this provides insight - Have a nice weekend!